“专有领域”
用英语怎么说？

The internet made the tech giants possible. Their services have scaled globally, via its open, interoperable core. But for the past decade, they’ve also worked to enclose the varied, competing and often open-source services the internet is built on into their proprietary domains. Although this improves their operational efficiency, it also ensures that the flourishing conditions of their own emergence aren’t repeated by potential competitors. Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Meta are consolidating their control deep into the underlying infrastructure through acquisitions, vertical integration, building proprietary networks, creating chokepoints and concentrating functions from different technical layers into a single silo of top-down control. They can afford to, using the vast wealth reaped in their one-off harvest of collective, global wealth. Taken together, the enclosure of infrastructure and imposition of technology monoculture forecloses our futures. The internet is not an ecosystem. It’s a zoo.

互联网使科技巨头成为可能。它们的服务通过其开放、可互操作的核心在全球范围内扩展。但在过去十年里，它们也致力于将互联网赖以建立的各种竞争性的、通常是开源的服务圈入其专有领域。虽然这提高了它们的运营效率，但也确保了它们自身崛起的繁荣条件不会被潜在竞争者复制。谷歌、亚马逊、微软和Meta正在通过收购、垂直整合、建立专有网络、制造瓶颈以及将不同技术层的功能集中到单一的自上而下控制的筒仓中，来巩固它们对底层基础设施的深层控制。它们利用一次性收割全球集体财富所获得的巨额资金，能够承担这一切。总而言之，基础设施的圈地和技术单一文化的强加，断送了我们的未来。互联网不是一个生态系统，而是一个动物园。