中文意思 → 英语表达

“受制于”
用英语怎么说?

beholden to

这是下面这段原文中的表达,其他语境可能有不同说法。

原文语境

Needing guidance, I contacted Nate Silver, the renowned statistics expert who transitioned from political forecasting to sports gambling. Silver audited my disastrous early betting slips with an amused but withering assessment, explaining that recreationally placing scattershot bets without strategic planning is a losing formula. He outlined the harsh realities of the sports-betting economy, highlighting that online sportsbooks charge a commission, requiring bettors to win at least 52.5 percent of their wagers just to break even. Silver warned me against suckers' bets like multi-leg parlays and live betting, which capitalize on emotional impulsivity rather than rigorous quantitative models. Despite his advice, the pervasive nature of sports-gambling advertisements, featuring glittering celebrities and constant promotions, made it incredibly tempting to chase elusive windfalls. The entire sporting landscape has been heavily beholden to the massive, highly lucrative gambling industry.

为了寻求指导,我联系了著名的统计学专家内特·西尔弗,他已从政治预测转型为体育博彩。西尔弗带着好笑但刻薄的评估审查了我早期惨不忍睹的注单,解释说在没有战略规划的情况下随意下注是注定要输的。他概述了体育博彩经济的残酷现实,强调在线博彩公司会收取佣金,这要求彩民至少赢得52.5%的赌注才能收支平衡。西尔弗警告我不要参与诸如多重过关和滚球投注之类的骗傻子的赌注,因为这些注单利用的是情绪冲动,而不是严谨的量化模型。尽管听了他的建议,但体育博彩广告的无孔不入,加上闪耀明星的代言和源源不断的促销,让我极其渴望追逐虚无飘渺的意外之财。整个体育界已经严重受制于这个庞大且暴利的博彩行业。

My Year as a Degenerate Sports Gambler · 段落 2 原文来源

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